Chapter 1
Diagnostics
Lung cancer is often diagnosed with imaging scans, such as X-ray or CT, and pathology tests such as biopsy, although your doctor may use other techniques to identify the problem. You may also have other advanced tests to find out more about your cancer, where it’s located and which treatments are likely to be most effective. Some of these tests are also used to assess how well your treatment is working.
Find your nearest GenesisCare center to find out what diagnostic tests and scans are available in your local area. Whatever your outcome, our expert team will support you throughout your treatment journey.
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At our centers we offer different treatment options that are proven improve lung cancer prognosis, manage the disease and help minimize discomfort and pain. These include lung surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and radiation therapy. Determining the most appropriate treatment for your situation depends on the stage and location of your lung cancer. Our team will work with you to decide on the most appropriate treatment plan that will be tailored to you and your needs.
Chapter 2
Surgery
We work with expert teams of pulmonary surgeons who are specially trained in surgical removal of benign (non-cancerous) and malignant (cancerous) tumors of the lung. There are different procedures used for the treatment of lung cancer and your surgeon will recommend the most appropriate one for you depending on the size and location of your tumor and how well your lungs are functioning.
Types of surgery for lung cancer
Lobectomy
The lungs are made up of different parts called lobes, two lobes make up the left lung and there are three in the right. A lobectomy procedure involves removing the lobe that contains the tumor entirely. This is the preferred surgical approach for both non-small cell and small cell lung cancers but it will only be recommended by your surgeon if they think your lungs will function well enough after the procedure.
Segmentectomy
Segmentectomy is the removal of the part of the lung that contains the tumor, as well as some healthy tissue either side. This is sometimes known as wedge resection and your surgeon may recommend it if your cancer is at a very early stage or they don’t think you’ll be able to withstand the removal of a whole lobe.
Sleeve resection
Your surgeon may recommend sleeve resection if your cancer is in the central area of your lung and growing into your airways (known as bronchi). During the procedure, the affected part of the lung and bronchi are removed, and all remaining parts of the lung are reattached.
Pneumonectomy
Pneumonectomy is the surgical removal of an entire lung. This may be necessary if the tumor is located close to the middle of the chest.
Chapter 3
Radiation therapy
At GenesisCare, we specialize in advanced radiation therapy techniques that are designed to be effective and minimize the side effects you’ll experience. As a leader in cancer care and other challenging conditions, our broad experience and world-class expertise means we offer advanced and innovative radiation therapy as standard.
Our latest-generation machines are built to deliver highly targeted radiation beams. The accuracy of these treatments, together with the expertise of our teams, helps our patients achieve the best possible outcomes.
Lung cancer treatments
The type of lung cancer treatment your radiation oncologist recommends will depend on your diagnosis, if the cancer has spread to other parts of your body, your general health and personal preferences.
Radiation therapy for lung cancer
At GenesisCare our lung cancer treatments include external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), where radiation is delivered from outside the body, and internal radiation therapy (IRT), where the radiation dose is given via a source implanted within the body.
Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT)
IMRT is an advanced external beam radiation therapy technique where the beams of radiation are precisely shaped to exactly match your tumor and damage to adjacent healthy tissues is limited.
Surface-guided radiation therapy (SGRT) – tattoo-free radiation therapy
SGRT uses sophisticated 3D camera technology to help your radiation therapy care team to position you for treatment more accurately each day, without the need for permanent tattoos. The technology also monitors any unintended movements to might make during the treatment, and will pause the radiation until you are back in the correct position.
Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT)
VMAT is an advanced form of IMRT that directs beams of radiation in an arc across the treatment area. Together with SGRT, it’s possible to very accurately target areas of cancer, adjusting the beam and intensity of radiation dose to allow for movements in the body and avoid tissues nearby.
Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT)
SBRT uses extremely focused, high-energy radiation beams to destroy tumors in fewer treatment sessions than VMAT, sometimes five or less. It’s often used as an alternative to surgery.
Brachytherapy
Brachytherapy is an internal radiation therapy that delivers radioactive pellets to the tumor site through small plastic tubes called catheters or an implant. This is usually done in one session and the radiation can either be removed after 20 minutes (HDR brachytherapy) or stay in the lungs for several weeks (LDR brachytherapy).
Chapter 4
Medical oncology
At GenesisCare, we offer various drug therapies and a wide range of the latest anti-cancer drugs for lung cancer treatment, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy.
Chemotherapy for lung cancers
Chemotherapy refers to drugs that destroy cancer cells. Our pulmonology teams may recommend chemotherapy before or after other surgery, or on its own. It can also be combined with radiation therapy (chemoradiation) or immunotherapy.
The type of chemotherapy you’ll receive will also depend on whether you have non-small cell or small cell lung cancer, and how advanced it is. If you have lung cancer that has spread to other parts of your body, chemotherapy can help control its growth, relieve symptoms and improve your lung cancer prognosis.
Targeted therapy for lung cancer
As researchers know more about non-small cell lung cancers, they have developed new treatments that can specifically target it. We use targeted therapy to seek and attack cellular activity that the cancer depends on to survive and grow. They are used depending on the specific genetic make up of your cancer. Types of targeted therapy for non-small cell lung cancer include:
- Agiogenesis inhibitors – suitable for some lung cancers, work by blocking the protein VEGF which promotes new blood vessel formation and helps tumors grow
- RTK inhibitors – block the proteins that are found near and on the surface of the lung cancer cells which help the tumor grow
Immunotherapy for lung cancer
Immunotherapy helps your body’s own immune system to recognize and fight the cancer, it can be used to treat some kinds of advanced lung cancers. Checkpoint inhibitors are an effective immunotherapy against some lung cancers and they work by blocking the signals that stop the immune system from attacking the lung cancer cells.
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